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质量工具讲解 | 防错 so easy~~~ 时间:2018-04-11
奥曼克中国提供
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防错方法有5种:
—失效-安全装置(Fail-safe devices)
—传感器放大(Magnification of senses)
—冗余(Redundancy)
—倒计数(Countdown)
—特殊检验、控制装置(Special checking and control devices)
1. 失效-安全装置(Fail-safe devices)
互锁顺序(Interlooking sequences):
保证在前一个操作顺利完成前,下一个操作不能开始;
ensures the next operation cannot start until the previous operation is successfully complete.
预警与中断(Alarm and cutoff):
将在过程中出现异常情况时被激活;
are activated if there are any abnormalities in the process.
全部完成信号(All-clear signals):
将在全部补救措施完成后被激活;
is activated when all remedial steps have been taken
防傻型工件夹紧装置(Foolproof):
保证工作的一部分只能被固定在一个位置;
ensure that a part can only be located in one position.
限位机械装置(Limiting mechanisms):
用来保证工具不能超过某一位置或数量。
are used to ensure that a tool cannot exceed a certain position or amount
2. 传感器放大(Magnification of senses)
用来增强人的视觉、听觉、嗅觉、触觉、味觉和肌肉力量,如:光学放大、多重视觉和听觉信号、监控危险过程的遥控以及用图片代替文字等等。
is used to increase the power of human, seeing, hearing, smelling, feeling, tasting and muscle power. Some examples are optical magnification (such as a comparator) and specific viewing aids with pictures and specific accept/reject criteria
3. 冗余(Redundancy)
用作保证质量的附加措施。
is the use of additional activities as a quality safeguard
多重确认码(Multiple-identify codes):
例如防止产品混淆的条码和彩色码;
such as bar and color codes are used to prevent mix-ups.
冗余措施和批准(Redundant actions and approvals):
需要两个人独立工作;
审核评审和检查程序(Audit review and checking procedure):
保证计划被执行;
assure that the plans are being followed.
验证设计(Design for verification):
利用特殊设计如:观察孔,来确定产品或过程是否在令人满意的执行;
utilizes special designs, such as holes for viewing to determine if the product or process is performing satisfactorily.
复合测试台(Multiple test stations):
可检查很多特征,如出现在高速生产线上的特征。
may check a number of attributes such as those occurring on a high-speed production line.
4. 倒计数(Countdown)
组织读出数据和信息过程与操作程序保持并行,以便检查每一个步骤,如航天器发射,它还在手术操作和焊接中被有效应用。
which structures sensing and information procedures to parallel the operating procedures in order to check each step. The most familiar example of the category of error proofing is the launching of a space vehicle. It has also been effectively used in surgical operations and in welding
5. 特殊检验、控制装置(Special checking and control devices)
如计算机检查信用帐号,无效帐号被拒绝,及时的反馈被提供。
an example is the computer checking of credit card numbers whereby invalid numbers are rejected and instant feedback provided.
防错5原则:
消除(Elimination):将可能错误消除在过程和产品被重新设计的过程中;Elimination of the possible error occurs when the process or product is redesigned so that the task is no longer required
替代(Replacement):是进入更可靠的过程的一个变更;
Replacement is a change to a more reliable process
简单化(Facilitation):将过程运行变的更简单化,也更可靠;
Facilitation occurs when the process is made easier to perform and therefore, more reliable
检测(Detection):使错误在下一步操作前被发现;
Detection occurs when the error is found prior to the next operation.
缓和(Mitigation):是将错误的影响降低到最低。
Mitigation minimizes the effect of the error
注:如果没有稳定过程,其输出可以被准确的测量,那么此时应用该技术该过程就不会产生附加值。
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